Free Essays on Short Story Explication

Rosa: The Portrait of a Jew in Ozick’s â€Å"The Shawl† Innumerable stories have been composed on the hardships of what the Jewish individuals experienced while being constrained into the inhumane imprisonments. The photos inferred are almost starved and miserable individuals arranged for move call, beaten or even executed on any guard’s smallest impulse. Ozick positively enlivens the difficulties and deplorability that one family faces while strolling to and living in the Nazi death camp. Rosa, the edgy mother of two in Ozick’s â€Å"The Shawl,† is an exemplary case of an individual who has understood that all expectation is lost. Rosa is strolling to the inhumane imprisonment with Stella and has the baby Magda concealed away â€Å"[...]between sore breasts† (Ozick 675). She knows about what the gatekeepers would do to the youngster in the event that they ever discover that Rosa has her. Rosa with her â€Å"[...]bleak appearance, dull like cholera[...]† sneaks looks at infant Magda, who has â€Å"[...]eyes blue as air, smooth plumes of hair about as yellow as the Star sewn into Rosa’s coat† (676). She fantasies about giving Magda away, however she realizes that on the off chance that she left the line sufficiently long to push Magda into a spectator’s arms, the gatekeepers will shoot her. Additionally, she stresses that maybe the individual won't acknowledge Magda. â€Å"She may be amazed or apprehensive; she may drop the cloak, and Magda would drop out and strike her head and die† (676). With these two contemplations holding her back, Rosa strolls on concealing infant Magda from the world, realizing that she will shroud the youngster for a mind-blowing remainder. When that Magda turns fifteen months old, she has figured out how to walk, just not well overall. Her midsection â€Å"[...]was fat with air, full and round† (677). Rosa takes a gander at Stella and acknowledges precisely how barbarous and unpleasant she has become. They were in a spot without feel sorry for, all pity was destroyed in Rosa, she taken a gander at Stella’s bones without feel sorry for. Sh... Free Essays on Short Story Explication Free Essays on Short Story Explication Rosa: The Portrait of a Jew in Ozick’s â€Å"The Shawl† Incalculable stories have been composed on the hardships of what the Jewish individuals experienced while being constrained into the death camps. The photos inferred are almost starved and sad individuals arranged for move call, beaten or even slaughtered on any guard’s smallest impulse. Ozick positively enlivens the difficulties and grievousness that one family faces while strolling to and living in the Nazi inhumane imprisonment. Rosa, the frantic mother of two in Ozick’s â€Å"The Shawl,† is a great case of an individual who has understood that all expectation is lost. Rosa is strolling to the inhumane imprisonment with Stella and has the newborn child Magda shrouded away â€Å"[...]between sore breasts† (Ozick 675). She knows about what the gatekeepers would do to the youngster on the off chance that they ever discover that Rosa has her. Rosa with her â€Å"[...]bleak composition, dull like cholera[...]† sneaks looks at infant Magda, who has â€Å"[...]eyes blue as air, smooth plumes of hair about as yellow as the Star sewn into Rosa’s coat† (676). She fantasies about giving Magda away, however she realizes that in the event that she left the line sufficiently long to push Magda into a spectator’s arms, the gatekeepers will shoot her. Additionally, she stresses that maybe the individual won't acknowledge Magda. â€Å"She may be amazed or apprehensive; she may drop the wrap, and Magda would drop out and strike her head and die† (676). With these two contemplations holding her back, Rosa strolls on concealin g infant Magda from the world, realizing that she will shroud the youngster for an incredible remainder. When that Magda turns fifteen months old, she has figured out how to walk, just not well overall. Her paunch â€Å"[...]was fat with air, full and round† (677). Rosa takes a gander at Stella and acknowledges precisely how savage and unpleasant she has become. They were in a spot without feel sorry for, all pity was demolished in Rosa, she taken a gander at Stella’s bones without feel sorry for. Sh...

Would Universal Basic Income Reduce Inequality?

Would Universal Basic Income Reduce Inequality? Could a widespread essential pay construct the base of a reasonable society? In a world where the rich are becoming wealthier and the poor more unfortunate, lower professional stability levels and mechanical advances, salary imbalances are developing more extensive and getting all the more testing to decrease. Where once salary dissemination was viewed as an aggregate obligation and was a piece of political objectives, today government mediation to accomplish such dispersion is viewed as a danger to monetary efficiency.[1] One proposition for an extreme redistribution of pay has been overhauled by Phillippe van Parijis, as a Universal Basic Income (UBI), characterized as â€Å"an salary paid by a legislature, at a uniform level at customary interims, to every grown-up individual from society.†[2] This pay is paid paying little heed to an individual’s pay level, conjugal status, capacity to work or citizenship status, as long as he/she is a lasting inhabitant. It isn't really a pay sum that would permit a person to deal with the entirety of their fundamental needs. Then again, extra salary from work, reserve funds or government advantages can be added to it. [3] It is likewise contended that UBI would give social equity, genuine opportunity for all people, unravel neediness and joblessness arrangement issues.[4] A UBI bolsters the jobless by fundamentally decreasing their budgetary vulnerability and the strain to acknowledge a vocation that may not meet their aptitude levels or that they find fulfilling.[5] Essentially it tends to the joblessness trap and the destitution hole, where family unit livelihoods fall beneath the destitution line. [6] Moreover, a UBI is likewise contended to be â€Å"the least demanding approach to completely fit salary security and tax collection andensure comparative minor duty rates for both the rich and poor.†[7] Additionally, the rate of government assistance misrepresentation would be decreased if not killed, aside from where people guarantee fundamental pay more than once.[8] In poor creating nations, a large number of kids approach tutoring yet don't go to in light of the fact that the poor monetary circumstances of their families power their youngsters to work.[9] A UBI would give adequate pay to give in any event an appropriation of chance, particularly to those with the least chances. Ladies excessively bear the work in the family unit which thusly legitimately sway their activity and pay alternatives. A UBI would consequently assist with repaying ladies and furthermore ensures them in helpless occasions, for example, in the midst of marriage breakdown. At long last, it is additionally accepted that a UBI would give an individual the opportunity to pick unpaid consideration work and different independent exercises. [10] The best issue encompassing the presentation of the UBI is its expense. Parijis contends that the expense can be counterbalanced by the expansion in fundamental salary, an expansion in charges for the working populace, a decrease in lower personal assessment rates and a nullification of advantages. Parijis likewise accepts that the entirety of the more extravagant countries would now be able to stand to make a commitment to singular pay. [11] Another contention against the presentation of a UBI is that there would be a decreased gracefully of work. Parijis contends that by lessening their working time, families can set aside more noteworthy effort to care for their kids and older, which over the long haul may decrease open spending on detainment facilities and clinics. A last contention against a UBI is that it â€Å"gives the undeserving poor something for nothing†,[12] which negates the head of correspondence wherein the individuals who get advantages ought to react by making a commitment. John Rawls contends that â€Å"those who surf the entire day away from work Malibu must figure out how to help themselves and would not be qualified for open funds†. [13] However, the state can't pressure people to be beneficial, even by legitimately upholding a commitment to work. Gutmann and Thompson add that the commitment to work applies to the poor just as to the well off expressing that: â€Å"those who decide to live off acquired riches without contributing their own work to society may merit no more regard from their kindred residents than the Malibu surfers†.[14] In such a case, regard is allowed not by the state however by general assessment. Parijis includes that skilled ability, aspiration and karma are not uniformly dispersed o ver a populace and along these lines a humble yet ensured monetary blessing is a human entitlement.[15] Taking everything into account, a UBI can possibly give social equity and a genuine opportunity for all people. It could fundamentally lessen neediness holes, joblessness traps and orchestrate salary security and duty rates over all pay levels, while altogether decreasing government assistance misrepresentation. In creating nations a UBI will have the best effect on pay appropriation, training and opportunity, especially where ladies oversee and care for the family and family unit. It would likewise bolster people hoping to put their time in unpaid magnanimous exercises either broadly or globally. These endeavors would inevitably profit people of all salary levels as more prominent time is given to the improvement of answers for issues. The fundamental contentions against a UBI rotate around its cost, correspondence of advantages and diminished work flexibly and thusly efficiency levels. On account of the previous, there are a few alternatives accessible going from expanded annual expenses to the nullification of advantages, with the more extravagant countries being more ready to execute it than the creating nations. With respect to correspondence, it is hard to pressure or lawfully expect people to be profitable as a byproduct of advantages got, paying little mind to their pay levels. The main potential arrangement refered to is lost regard for these people by society. While there are numerous contentions against a UBI it the advantages to society and its destitution levels far exceed them, and may end up being an answer for overall neediness and inconsistent pay disseminations. Book index Blais, Francois and Hutchison, Jennifer (2002) Ending Poverty, James Lorimer Company Sprout, David et al. (n.d) Universal Basic and Secondary Education, American Academy of Arts Sciences http://www.amacad.org/distributions/ubase_universal.pdf Groot, L.F and Parijs, P. (2004) Basic Income, Unemployment and Compensatory Justice, Springer Honohan, P. (tenth January 1994) Basic Income as a Reform of Tax and Social Welfare, Economic and Social Research Institute Muirhead, Russell (2004) Just Work, Harvard University Press Parijs, Philippe Van (October/November 2000) A Basic Income though: If you truly care about opportunity, give individuals an unequivocal pay, Boston Review http://www.bostonreview.net/BR25.5/vanparijs.html Wright, Erik (2006) Two redistributive proposition †general fundamental pay and partner awards, Focus, Vol. 24, No. 2, Spring-Summer (2006) 1 Commentaries [1] Wright, Erik (2006) Two redistributive proposition †all inclusive essential salary and partner awards pg. 5 [2] Parijs, Philippe Van (October/November 2000) A Basic Income though: If you truly care about opportunity, give individuals an unrestricted salary [3] Parijis (Ibid) [4] Groot, L.F and Parijs, P. (2004) Basic Income, Unemployment and Compensatory Justice pg. 11 [5] Parijis (Ibid) [6] Honohan, P. (1994) Basic Income as a Reform of Tax and Social Welfare [7] Blais, Francois and Hutchison, Jennifer (2002) Ending Poverty pg. 17 [8] Honohan, P. (1994) Basic Income as a Reform of Tax and Social Welfare [9] Bloom et al. (n.d) Universal Basic and Secondary Education pg. 1 [10] Parijis (Ibid) [11] Parijis (Ibid) [12] Parijis (Ibid) [13] Muirhead, R (2004) Just Work, pg. 19 [14] Muirhead, R (2004) Just Work, pg. 19 [15] Parijis (Ibid) Walt Whitman: The Common Man with Revolutionary Poetry Walt Whitman: The Common Man with Revolutionary Poetry Destined to an enormous, poor family in 1819, Walter Whitman was not thought to be anything uncommon. Coasting from occupation to work all around New York, he battled monetarily for the greater part of his initial life. Through this time, be that as it may, he was encountering and learning things that would significantly rouse him as he started composing verse. His first significant distribution, Leaves of Grass, earned him overall popularity the same number of respected his handy composing style; they wore him The Common Man, a moniker that would endure an incredible remainder. Be that as it may, Walt Whitman was a writer with logical inconsistencies and irregularities. In the outset of America, pride was on full showcase. Enlivened by these sentiments, numerous mainstays of nationalistic Transcendentalism is exceptionally noticeable in his initial works. Notwithstanding, later in his life, Whitmans verse adopts on an increasingly Realistic strategy as he investigates the darker sid es of American life. From clothes to newfound wealth, Walt Whitman genuinely encapsulated the American Dream. In I Hear America Singing, he praises all the one of a kind sorts of individuals that live in the United States, I hear America singing, the fluctuated tunes I hearEach singing what has a place with the person in question and to none else (l. 1, 9) Whitman utilized the utilization of list while portraying these individuals and how they each serve to make the extremely differing society we have in America. James E. Mill operator Jr. composes of this sonnet, . . . I Hear America Singing presents a picture of the country that Americans might want to accept is genuine a picture of glad and solid individualists connected with inâ productive and upbeat work. Repairman, craftsman, bricklayer, boatman, deckhand, shoemaker, hatter, wood-shaper, plowboy-from city to nation, from ocean to land, the fluctuated hymns mirror a veritable euphoria in the days imaginative work that makes up the pith of the American dream or legend. . . . America singing develops as a cheerful, individualistic, gladly procreative, and heartily comradely America (Miller 146-147). These remarkably American beliefs that are noticeable in Whitmans verse are additionally present in his structure; he was a pioneer in a generally new type of writin

Guess What My Office Has In Common With

Guess What My Office Has In Common With Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Guess What My Office Has In Common With The Burj Khalifa And HMS Queen Mary IIUpdated On 09/01/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Gadgets GizmosShort URL : https://hbb.me/2CHrJO2 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAir conditioning! And not just Burj Khalifa and HMS Queen Mary II, but also Emirates Palace Hotel (Abu Dhabi), 9 out of 15 Common Wealth Games Stadiums, Emirates Mall, F1 Track of UAE, Hong Kong Airport and many such famous locations across the world.Gone are the days, when Air Conditioners were considered a mark of luxury, enjoyed only by the upper class families globally. This century, the growing economy and the rapid change in technology, has Air Conditioners making their way into more households than ever. Today AC’s are not just any luxurious item, but a necessity in modern living considering the ever changing climatic conditions and global warming, tha t we are constantly warned about. Obviously the newer generation is smarter, they don’t just want the exterior looks but also the health benefits, energy efficiency markings and over that “A Smarter and Easier Way” to use the product they purchase. Then may it be a laptop, a television, a smart phone, a refrigerator or for that matter any other electronic device, the above factors most definitely contribute towards the final decision making.As a smart, well-informed shopper for an Air Conditioner, I was looking for something that offered all the above mentioned and more. Well, here’s presenting my newfound pride and joy. Voltas, which happens to be the first company worldwide to launch an All Weather Smart AC, suitable to every environmental condition, may it be the freezing temperatures of Kashmir, or the soaking humidity of Chennai, or the dustiness of Rajasthan to the heat waves of Delhi. What more could I ask for in an AC, if it already has the ability to tackle the grea t dramatic Indian weather.Yes Its Hot!! Yes Its Cool!! and Yes Its inevitably very Smart!!Selecting an air-conditioner for your office is a big decision. With rising humidity levels, beating the heat can be tough, and that means unstoppable utilization of an air-conditioning unit. Given the high temperatures prevalent, our body tends to fight to maintain its balance, hence there is bodily fatigue, and our mind tends to get more stressed than it ideally should. While on the other side, a cool environment is known to be beneficial in combating respiratory problems. Not only does it make you feel calm and relaxed, but also energetic.So to keep the employees happy and calm throughout the year, I thought of surprising them with something Cool, Hot and Smart! The All Weather Smart Air-Conditioner comes with the new insta-cool compressor, that enables cooling within minutes even at extreme temperatures and takes care of humidity at all levels. Also, its Super Dust Guard ensure that the qua lity of air being circulated within the room is pure, clean and fresh in dusty conditions. The Intelligent Heating feature keeps the room warm and comfortable even during extreme winters.READIneffectiveness Of Ultrasound Bedbug DevicesThe All NEW Smart Phone Remote Technology! In the current scenario no Smart technology can be established without the use of a Smart Phone App. The Voltas All Weather Smart AC, making no exception, comes with a smart Remote App. The App works on smart phones with Android Kitkat 4.4, and above Operating System with a built-in infrared port. It comes with advanced features such as Smart Sense (where it reads the weather outside and recommends the best mode of operation), Smart Tips (Offers tips on usage, thus helping one understand the features of AC and benefits that can be derives out of them), and Power Usage feature that helps estimate the electricity bill, and also sets a threshold for power consumption.Additionally, one can Download Voltas All Weat her AC Remote App from Google Play Store.What else influenced my decision?Effective Energy Conservation: Voltas was honored with National Energy Conservation Award, for their continuous approach to build energy efficient products. Voltas All Weather Smart ACs maximize savings by about 63% when compared with the competitive range. Dedicated Customer Service: Apart from its International presence, and savings on power consumption benefit, Voltas has over 10,000 Distribution points all over India. Voltas Customer Support Team is available 24*7 for any assistance required, and their finance option is great as well. Voltas provides a 0% interest Finance Facility (no down payment or extra hidden cost and processing fee).Well, I’m a tough customer (so say my friends and colleagues), and yet I believe I’ve found the best AC available to suit the needs of my office. At present, I’m happy with my decision and I know this feeling is going to last for a while. If you are seeking long term benefits, while in the process of purchasing an Air-conditioner, I highly recommend you to google “Voltas All Weather Smart AC”, before you even consider any other product in the similar category.

Should Public Service Mandatory For Graduation Requirement

ontinuous debate that is currently receiving much attention nationwide is whether the education system should make community service mandatory for graduation requirement. Preparing students to effectively function in the real world is an important aspect of our education system. Today more than ever, there is an emphasis on having experience before beginning work. Most jobs are now focused on looking past your resume to see what you have given back to the community. Nevertheless, it is important that schools focus on preparing college students for the work force by mandating that they receive all of the necessary exposure and experience. Schools nationwide are demanding that students must complete a required amount of community service hours in order to graduate. In Maryland, high school students are required to complete a minimum of 75 hours of service in order to graduate. While the opponents feel that it takes away valuable time from students who need to focus on their education. I believe that gaining experience outside of school is critical for future success in life. To ensure that students are prepared to transition smoothly from school to work, they need to be involved with the community while in school in order to build the leadership skills that are necessary to succeed. Advocates for mandatory community service say that it nurtures students and prepares them for future jobs in which leadership skills are valued. This also opens a marketing network for students toShow MoreRelatedResponsibility Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesget degrees, and have a life, its true of enough of them that the stereotype does prove itself true quite often. This is the problem that Dave Eggers postulates a way of solving in his essay Serve Or Fail. Eggers idea of making public service volunteering a mandatory part of your college education is brilliant and would no doubt aid in many areas of College students lives. According to Eggers, â€Å"...students saw [†¦] hours in need of killing – as opposed to thinking about giving a few of [those]Read MoreShould Community Service Be Mandatory Graduation Requirement? Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesA continuous debate that is currently receiving much attention is whether community service should be a mandatory graduation requirement. Preparing students to effectively function in the real world is an important aspect of our education system. Today more than ever, there is an emphasis on having experience before beginning work. Most jobs are now focused on looking past your resume to see what you have given back to the community. Nevertheless, it is important that schools focus on preparing collegeRead MoreApplying A Rolling Admissions Process1494 Words   |  6 Pagesour prospect targets submittal of a completed application accompanied by all documentation through the LSAC/CAS, even if retaking the LSAT enter into the equation. Part of completing an application process for any college of law involves a set of mandatory and optional information items for each candidate. Of course, these vary from institution-to-institution. Nonetheless, several critical points follow. In the first place, the pride exercised in assembling the highest quality documentation rangingRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition And Student Debt1221 Words   |  5 Pagescollege expenses accordingly. Conversely, if the maximum cap of the Pell Grant is increased, colleges may also choose to raise their tuition in order to provide a better learning environment for the student. â€Æ' b. The expansion of Public Student Loan Forgiveness i. Nature—The Public Student Loan Forgiveness Program is offered by the Federal Government. The stipulations, stated by the U.S. Department of Education, requires that the student makes 120 monthly payments while working full time at a qualifyingRead MoreNurse Anesthetists : Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist1197 Words   |  5 Pages(AANA) 2014 Practice Profile Survey. CRNAs are the primary providers of anesthesia care in rural America, enabling healthcare facilities in these medically underserved areas to offer obstetrical, surgical, pain management and trauma stabilization services. In some states, CRNAs are the sole providers in nearly 100 percent of the rural hospitals. According to a 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine, anesthesia care is nearly 50 times safer than it was in the early 1980s. Numerous outcomes studiesRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Has Become A Major Issue On The Campaign901 Words   |  4 Pagesout there about student loans, but there are not any requirements to review them before taking out a loan. Students are not required to have any knowledge about how the loans work. Students need to have the correct knowledge when applying for a loan, otherwise they may end up with too much debt or the wrong type of loan. A student should not start off their life outside of college in unnecessary debt. Going to a public four-year college should not cost you a fortune. If tuition and fees associatedRead MoreBusiness Management : The Key Parts For A Business1529 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude â€Å"financial management, marketing management, human resource management, strategic management, production management, operations management, service management, and information technology management† (8 Branches of Business Management). One of the top schools for the field of business management is Bentley University located in Waltham, MA. Requirements for Bentley University as a business management major include â€Å"Interpersonal Relations in Management, Organization and Environment, four managementRead MoreEssay on Poor Education is a Cyclical Trap599 Words   |  3 Pagessufficient education. This deficiency prevents higher levels of learning, which stand in the way of our nation’s economic growth. This situation is simultaneously widespread and continuous. The importance in providing better educational opportunities should be recognized, supported and enforced in our country in order to improve our current situation. The lack of government funds to pay for school necessities greatly contribute to our problem of poor education. Due to our weakened economy in the UnitedRead MoreNo Child Left Alive: A Critique of No Child Left Behind Essay example1573 Words   |  7 Pagesto me falling into the average category as my high school career came to an end. Teachers and students treat education with the idea of â€Å"just passing† rather than graduation with honors. The government is leaving more kids behind today than ever before, with their constant demand for improvement of tests scores and increased graduation rates leads to unrealistic goals forcing teachers to teach the test and abandoned their own curriculum. State governments selling what will be taught as this year’sRead MorePotential Collaborators And Its Effects On Campus Health Clinics1582 Words   |  7 PagesCOLLABORATORS Potential collaborators in our campaign include on-campus health clinics, El Paso public health clinics, the Texas DSHS, hospitals and medical treatment facilities, and school and local government policy makers. The various health clinic and medical personnel will be a vital part of this campaign as they will be the professionals responsible for the administration, testing, reporting and counseling services necessary to accomplish our mission. Education and local government policy-makers will

Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Brontes...

The Characters of Catherine and Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights can be considered a Gothic romance or an essay on the human relationship. The reader may regard the novel as a serious study of human problems such as love and hate, or revenge and jealousy. One may even consider the novel Brontes personal interpretation of the universe. However, when all is said and done, Heathcliff and Catherine are the story. Their powerful presence permeates throughout the novel, as well as their complex personalities. Their climatic feelings towards each other and often selfish behavior often exaggerates or possibly encapsulates certain universal psychological truths humans are too afraid to express.†¦show more content†¦Earnshaws death) and find secret delight in his persecutor sinking into a life of debauchery which will undoubtedly cause his own death. Not only did Heathcliff show his strength through Hindley, but also by following his personal goal of a life with Catherine Earnshaw. Heathcliff vanishes for three years to win Cathy over with his successes. He chose to fight a battle most would never attempt to begin. Heathcliff, being the survivor that he is, proved himself to be quite a gentleman. Nelly offers her impression when narrating, ...he would certainly have struck a stranger as a born and bred gentleman... (130; ch. 14). Although Heathcliffs personality is so unusually and intensely strong, he does emit qualities rooted in ourselves. His trials and tribulations only develop and exaggerate the darkness and violence inherited in not only Heathcliff, but everyone. However, Heathcliffs wickedness is entirely inappropriate and unusual. Without question he is brutal. The primal and universal darkness in Heathcliff must not be excused. The vicious manner n which he helps to destroy Hindley, kidnaps Cathy and Nelly, and brutalizes Isabella and Hareton, suggests that he is not born with the same primal and universal structure as everyday man, but some other disturbed quality. For example, Isabe lla in a letter to Ellen wrote, Is Mr. Heathcliff a man? And if so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? (121; ch. 13). The antisocial menace now induces pain on his undeservingShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism1663 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary work. Wuthering Heights is a great example of a book with its own hidden secrets that can surface with a little research. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights depicts the oppression of women from mentally unstable individuals. Overview of Author Emily Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30, 1818 (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte 1), to a family dedicated to literature (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte† 2). Education was also important to the Bronte family, but it always seemed to take a pause for Emily due to familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century; however, Emily Bronte’s novel wasRead MoreWuthering Heights by Charlotte Bronte1143 Words   |  5 Pagesa devilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love.† (Stoneman) The novel containsRead MoreWuthering Heights1634 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Brontà «, known for her novel Wuthering Height, was inspired for her writing through her siblings from a young age. Brontà « was born in Yorkshire, England in 1818. She had one younger sibling, Anne, and four older ones, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Patrick Branwell. When Brontà « and her family moved to Haworth in West Yorkshire, Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis. Emily was raised in the rural countryside in solitude, which provided a background for her Gothic novel, Wuthering HeightsRead MoreWut hering Heights By Emily Bronte1099 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Wuthering Heights† is the epitome of classical literature written by Emily Bronte in 1847. This masterpiece unfolds the story of two lovers, Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff and how their intense love for each other succumbed to revenge. The novel centralises around the theme of revenge through the use of gothic elements. Gothic Literature and is a combination of fiction, horror and romanticism. Wuthering Heights effectively employs gothic literature elements to emphasis the characters, plotRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1283 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is told from a complicated point of view. The narrator of the past is Nelly Dean, while the present time narrator is Mr. Lockwood. Set as a story within a story, Nelly tells Lockwood an eyewitness account of her dealings with the Earnshaws and the Lintons, while Lockwood is the outsider who records in his diary Nelly’s stories of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. From the novel’s beginning, Lockwood proves himself to be objective, while Nelly is subjectiveRead MoreThe Setting of Wuthering Heights Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesWuthering Heights is a novel of passion, revenge, and the destructiveness of a love that is too fierce. The book takes place in the Yorkshire moors in New England in the late 18th century. Emily Brontà «, the author of the tale, makes great use of the story’s Gothic landscape and setting to draw into her story and complement its ongoing themes. The book divides its plot between the wild farmhouse, Wuthering Heights, and the cleanly kept mansion, Thrushcross Grange. Catherine Earnshaw and HeathcliffRead MoreWuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà «1865 Words   |  8 Pagesdevilish, preternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when it was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love,† (Stoneman 1). The novel containsRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte1290 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge can be defined as â€Å"to avenge (as oneself) usually by retaliating in kind or degree† (â€Å"revenge†) however to Heathcliff it meant more than just to avenge himself he wanted to have everything he felt he rightfully deserved and more. Social class and revenge, are primary themes in the novel Wuthering Heights. Social class plays a considerable part in the lives and loves of the charters in the novel. Revenge is key element in the book, this twisted theme creates the whole plot line. â€Å"Children

The Breaking Out of War in 1861 Essay - 718 Words

The Breaking Out of War in 1861 According to most historians, the seceding of the states in the South from the North led to the Civil War. The reasons for which the Southern states wanted to become independent were because their had been four decades of great sectional conflict between the two. The main reason for the south wanting to succeed was due to the North’s view on slavery. Between the North and South there were deep economic, social, and political differences. Some just see the cause of the war as a contest between plantation agriculture and industrializing capitalism. Modern historians see the causes as going right back in time.†¦show more content†¦The rise in cotton exportation meant that slavery was a must. The South compared slavery with the wage-slave system of the North and said that slaves were better cared for then free factory workers. The South feared what would happen if the slaves were free. They saw slavery as essential to the peace, safety and prosperity of the South. After the American Revolution, there were demands for political equality and Northerners goals were free public education and better salaries and working conditions. The South did not feel that these matters were important. Northerners was slavery as preventing the human right of being a free person. These views of the North set its quest of complete abolition of slavery. As the South found available territory to expand the North opposed them to extend slavery. Evidence that the North wanted to limit the number of slave states came in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. This measure regulated the extension of slavery in the United States; this seemed to be in danger when as the result of the Mexican War the south acquired new regions. The compromise of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 seemed to be broken by the North as many set underground railroads in order to hide them and free them. This angered theShow MoreRelatedThe Battl e Of Bull Run1269 Words   |  6 Pagesbattles in the United States Civil War. The battle took place on July 21st, 1861 just twenty five miles southwest of Washington D.C., which was also the center of the Union Government. This battle also convinced the Lincoln administration and the North that the Civil War would last longer than they expected and would be consisting of bloodier fights costing many more lives. The US Civil War is known as the second most deadly war America has ever experienced (behind World War II). The leading commandersRead MoreEllianne Heppler. Mr.David. Research Project. 05/08/2017.1700 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Research Project 05/08/2017 The Civil War and how it happened with A Little Twist! Think of the darkest place that terrifies people to their very core and then multiply that times 100. During the Civil War a lot of bad things happened from April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865. On April 12, 1861 The Battle of Fort Sumter happened to be one of the least casualties battles. No one was hurt until a shot was accidentally misfired. That is what started the war. But that was the least of their worries. TheRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pages The American civil war, also known as â€Å"The War Between the States†, is considered to be one of the bloodiest wars in America, lasting from 1861-1865. The civil war was a war that was fought between the northern states, also know as the â€Å"Union states† and the southern states, also known as the confederacy states. The northern states were more industrialized and the southern states had more of a agrarian economy, this is what lead to the northern and southern states to have different social, culturalRead MoreEssay on Lincoln and the Outbreak of Civil War1574 Words   |  7 PagesLincoln and the Outbreak of Civil War The Civil War was the worst crisis in American history, pitting two sides of a split nation against one another in bloody battles that persisted for four exhausting years. It was a war that neither side claimed to want, and that neither side claimed to start. Although popular belief places the blame with the South because they fired the first shot, there is considerable evidence that Lincoln, realizing war was inevitable, coerced the South into firing thatRead MoreHistory Of The Civil War Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the Civil War, 1861–1865, by James Ford Rhodes The book I am writing my review on is ‘History of the Civil War’ by James Ford Rhodes. James was born on May 1, 1848, in Ohio City, Ohio which is now a part of Cleveland. James’ father was a very successful businessman and after James finished just one year of college he fallowed his father’s footsteps into business. James’ business turned out to be very successful and he was actually able to retire in 1884. He had a love for writing andRead MoreThe Civil War And The Confederate States Of America Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War is a civil war between 1861 and 1865 involving the United States or (the Union) and the Confederate States of America (â€Å"the Confederacy†), led by Jefferson Davis, consisting of eleven southern slave states that had seceded from the United States. The Union included all abolitionist states and five borderline slave states and was headed by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party. The latter w as opposed to the expansion of slavery in the territories held by the United StatesRead MoreWhat Or Who Is To Blame For The South’S Secession . Nanci1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn the early 19th century the United States started to develop different economic systems and by middle of the century political union was almost guaranteed. so, separation of the union was splitting into Northern and Southern factions. From 1850 to 1861 the main issue between the states was slavery. By the mid nineteenth century, the compromise that held the nation together began to come apart. The constitutionality of this compromise was disputed by the union. This compromise was the first one toRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Forces1233 Words   |  5 PagesMeade graduated from the Military Academy at West Point. After graduation he pursued a civilian career as an engineer for the railroads. In1940 he married Margaretta Sergeant and they had seven children. Meade was a Brigadier General wh en the Civil War began (www.history.com, 2015). General Robert Edward Lee, born in Virginia in 1807. Born into a military family, he graduated 2nd in his class at West Point in 1829. He was originally assigned to an engineer unit, and then became the superintendentRead MoreGone with the Wind882 Words   |  4 PagesOverview †¢ Setting (time): 1861–early 1870s. †¢ Setting (place): Atlanta; Tara, the O’Hara plantation in northern Georgia. †¢ Major conflict: Scarlett struggles to find love, trying out Ashley Wilkes and Rhett Butler, while simultaneously trying to adjust to the changing face of the South. †¢ Rising action: Scarlett confesses her love to Ashley; Scarlett marries Rhett; Scarlett and Ashley embrace. †¢ Climax: Bonnie dies while horseback riding, breaking the tie that binds Rhett and Scarlett. Read MoreWhat Caused The Civil War? Slavery? Politics?Social Conflicts?Maybe1628 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War? Slavery? Politics? Social Conflicts? Maybe it was little bit of everything. In 1861-1865 America s bloodiest conflict happened. It was called the Civil War. The Civil War was between the North and the South about slavery. The North was antislavery, but the South was all for slavery. The North wanted to free the slaves to help fight the war, but the South was not fond of that. Some would believe that they would talk it out; however, they both decided to have a four-year war about

Rights Of A Banker free essay sample

In  Halsbury’s Laws of England, it is stated: Lien is, in its primary sense, a right in one man to retain that which is in his possession belonging to another until certain demands of the person in possession are satisfied. In its primary sense, it is given by law and not by contract. In  Chalmers on Bills of Exchange, the meaning of the Banker’s Lien is stated: A bankers’ lien on negotiable securities has been judicially defined as ‘an implied pledge’. A banker has, in the absence of agreement to the contrary ,a lien on all bills received from a customer in the ordinary course of banking business in respect of any balance that may be due from such customer. it should be noted that the lien extends only to negotiable instruments which are remitted to the banker from the customer for the purpose of collection . When collection has been made the process may be used by the banker in reduction of the customer’s debit balance unless otherwise earmarked. We will write a custom essay sample on Rights Of A Banker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We can also refer to Peget’s Laws of Banking, where speaking about the Banker’s lien the learned author has stated that apart from any specific security, the banker can look to his general lien as a protection against loss on loan or overdraft or other credit facility. The general lien of bankers is part of law merchant and judicially recognized as such. * TYPES OF LIEN; There are two types of lien such as: i. PARTICULAR LIEN Particular lien is one, in that the craftsman can retain those goods on which he has spent time, effort and money until he is paid. In Particular lien the creditor doesn’t have the right to retain all the properties of the debtor. Under Section 170 of the Indian Contacts Act, 1872 the provision relating to specific lien has been laid down. General lien gives the  banker  the right to retain goods and securities delegated to him in his capacity as a  banker, in the absence of a contract contradictory to the right of lien. It extends to all goods/properties placed with him as a banker  by his customer which are not particularly identified for another purpose. In India, the right of general lien is specially conferred on bank by Section 171 of the Indian Contacts Act, 1872 which reads as; â€Å"Bankers, factor, wharfingers, attorneys of a High Court and policy brokers may, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, retain as a security for a general balance of account, any goods bailed to them; but no other person have a right retain, as a security for which balance, goods, bailed to them, unless is an express contract to that effect†. So far as the legal requirements are concerned there is no need of any special agreement, written or oral to create the right of lien, but it arises only by operation of law for, under the Indian Law, such an agreement is implied by the terms of Section 171 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 so long as the same is not expressly excluded . In order that the lien should arise the following requirements are to be fulfilled: 1. the property must come into the hands of the banker in his capacity as a banker in the ordinary course of business; 2. there should be no entrustment for a special purpose inconsistent with the lien 3. he possession of the property must be lawfully obtained in his capacity as a banker; and 4. there should be no agreement inconsistent with the lien. A general lien arises out of a series of transactions in the general course of business rather than a single specific transaction such as the repair of a piece of jewellery or a computer. Attorneys, bankers, and Factors usually have general liens to ensure that his client will pay him for services already performed; an attorney may retain possession of the papers and personal property of his client that fall into his hands in his professional apacity. He also has a charging lien on any judgment he has obtained for his client for the value of his services. A banker may retain stocks, bonds, or other papers that come into his hands from his customer for any general balance owed by the customer. A factor or commission merchant may hold onto all goods entrusted to him for sale by the owner of the goods for any balance due. The merchant may sell the goods to satisfy his lien, but he must account to the owner for any excess realized from the sale. The general lien on the banker is regarded as something more than an ordinary lien; it is an implied pledge. This right coupled with rights u/s 43 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 permits bills, notes and cheques, of the banker, being regarded as a holder for value to the extent of the sum in respect of which the lien exists can realize them when due; but in the case of the other negotiable instruments e. g. Earer bonds, coupons, and share warrants to bearer, coming into the banker’s hands and thus becoming liable to the lien, the character of a pledge enables the banker to sell them on default, if a time is fixed for the payment of the advance ,or, where no time is fixed ,after request for repayment and reasonable notice of intention to sell and apply the proceeds in liquidation of the amount due to him . The right of sale extends to all properties and securities belonging to a customer in the hands of a banker ,except title deeds of immovable property which obviously cannot be sold. The law gives inter alia, a general lien to the bankers To claim a lien, the banker must be functioning qua banker under Section 6 of the  Banking Regulation Act- It is now well settled that the Banker lien confers upon a banker the right to retain the security, in respect of general balance account. The term general balance refers to all sums presently due and payable by the customer, whether on loan or overdraft or other credit facility. (Re European Bank (1872) 8 Ch App 41) In other words ,the lien extends to all forms of securities deposited ,which are not specifically entrusted or to be appropriated. In the matter of Firm Jaikishen Dass Jinda Ram v. Central Bank of India Ltd. , Two partnership firms with the same set off partners had two separate accounts with the Bank. The Court held that the bank was entitled to appropriate the monies belonging to a firm for payment of an overdraft of another firm. Because although two separate firms are involved they are not two separate legal entities and cannot be ‘distinguished from the members who compose them. Mutual demands existed between the bank on the one hand and the persons constituting firm on the other. Nor it could be said that these demands did not exist between the parties in the same right. 2. The court can interfere in the exercise of the Bank’s Lien. In the matter of  Purewal amp; Associates and another v/s Punjab National Bank and others   Where the debtor failed to pay dues of the bank which resulted in denial of bank’s services to him, the Supreme Court of India ordered that the bank shall allow the operation of one current account which will be free from the incidence of the Banker’s lien claimed by the bank so as to enable the debtor to carry on its day to day business transactions etc. nd the liberty was given to bank to institute other proceedings for the recovery of its dues.

Germany Essay Research Paper GermanyOn October 3 free essay sample

Germany Essay, Research Paper Germany On October 3, 1990, the provinces of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) shed their last ties to their Soviet created construction and joined the Federal Republic of Germany ( West Germany ) . The 23rd article of West Germany # 8217 ; s 1949 fundamental law, the Basic Law, had been drafted specifically to let for such an reaching from the East. But as the 1980s Drew to a stopping point, few Germans on either side of the boundary line expected it to be used in their life-time. Yet, in less than a twelvemonth the beginning of an rush of popular protest came together against the Communist government in East Germany and the formal fusion of Germany on West German footings. At a simple degree, the fundamental law may be seen as a representation of the traditional German desire for lucidity and order, applied to the rights and responsibilities of the person. It can besides be described as a manner of guaranting that the events of the 1930s, peculiarly the rise of facism and absolutism, will neer recur. As a consequence of historical roots in West Germany and past maltreatments by cardinal authorities, Germany is a federation. The powers of the provinces can non be reduced. Each of the federal provinces and Berlin has its ain fundamental law, a democratically elected Parliament, a authorities, administrative bureaus and independant tribunals. However, provinces are adhering to the federal fundamental law, the federal fundamental law is adhering upon the provinces and the federal parliament is responsible for major statute law and policy. The province parliaments chief duty is in two major policy countries: instruction, and jurisprudence and order. Administration of federal statute law is chiefly the duty of the provinces, leting for greater consideration of local demands and issues. This system of authorities Iowa besides intended to convey authorities closer to the people. In many instances, province powers are delegated further to local governments. A farther country of duty for the provinces arives from the parliamentary construction. The legislative organic structure is the Bundestag, but the Bundesrat ( anupper house stand foring ) the provinces must O.K. most statute law. Each province has between three and five ballots in the Bundesrat, depending on the size of its population. Members of the Bundesrat are appointed by the province authoritiess for their continuance within the province authorities. Since province elections are held continually during the term of federal parliament, the members of the upper house may change during the life of a federal authorities. The blessing of the Bundesrat is required for certain types of statute law, Particularly the budget and those impacting the provinces. Differences are normally overcome by a joint commission from the two houses. The lower house, or the Bundestag, consists of a lower limit of 656 deputies. The Bundestag has a talker, or president, normally elected from among the largest parliamentary group. It has three chief undertakings: to move as the legislative organic structure, to elect the federal Chancellor of the Exchequer, and to command authorities activity. Any alterations to the Basic Law requires a two-thirds bulk in both houses of parliament. Thus the resistance parties can forestall amendments to the fundamental law through their representation in either the Bundestag or Bundesrat. The electoral system, finalized in 1956, is designed to both supply a authorities stand foring the wants of the people and relative representation. Campaigners are elected by a bulk ballot in 328 constituencies of approximately equal size. Each province is allocated a quota of MPs for each party, derived from the 2nd, or party ballot. The difference between these Numberss and the Numberss of straight elected representatives is so made up from party lists. A party can win more seats on the straight elected section of the ballot than the figure given by the party list consequences, in which event the size of the lower house is enlarged. This proviso was used in 1990, with the add-on of six seats. To forestall atomization, a party must procure either three direct authorizations or 5 % of the entire ballot to be represented in parliament. This consequences in a barrier to the development of new parties, which must fullfill the 5 % standards without the aid of representation in parliament. Besides, when the pattern of vacancies exist in parliament the places are filled from the party list of the old election instead than by a bye-election, haltering new or little party formation. In the 1990 elections the little, and mostly new, East German parties were allowed, for on clip merely, to organize umbrella groups, side- stepping this restraint. However, province elections occur about ever one time a twelvemonth leting parties to seek and derive representation in a province parliament, frequently by concentrating their attempts. The lower house is elected for a fixed term of four old ages and early elections may merely be called in specific fortunes. The Chancellor of the Exchequer ( caput of authorities ) is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president. In pattern each of the chief parties announces its Chancellor of the Exchequer campaigner before the election, doing the undertaking of the president slightly of a formality. Once elected, the Chancellor of the Exchequer nominates his or her cabinet for presidential blessing, but is still personally responsible to parliament. Individual curates can non originate a ballot of no-confidence. A authorities can merely be voted out if the resistance can set up a bulk for what is known as a constructive ballot of no assurance. In other words, the resistance must be able to supply a working bulk in favor of a new authorities. This occurred in late 1982, when the little Free Democrat Party changed itsfollowing from the governing Social Democrats to the Christian Democrats, enabling the Christian Democrats to organize a alliance. The ability of a authorities to vacate in order to name early elections is besides restricted to cirtain fortunes. When the new authorities of the Christian Democrats and Free Democrats formed after the events of 1982 they decided early elections would be appropriate. However, this determination was forced to be brought up before the constitutional tribunal, and merely because it was the parties merely tactic was it allowed. Although the federal president performs some of the usual formal maps of a caput of province, including subscribing pacts and following the processs for naming the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the function is fundamentally ceremonial. All presidential orders require the counter-signature of the Chancellor of the Exchequer or relevant curate. This duty is concerned with the relieving a figure of the jobs which arose under Germany # 8217 ; s fundamental law of 1919 which gave the president excessively much power and non plenty to the parliament. The president is elected for a five-year term by the full Bundestag and an equal figure of delegates from province parliaments. In the past the election has normally been a formality. Richard von Weizsacker, once Christian Democrat city manager of West Berlin, was elected president in 1984 and re-elected in 1989. His 2nd, and concluding, term comes to an terminal in May 1994. Although normally a former politician, the president is expected to stand above party political relations. In the summer of 1989 the German Bundestag passed the alleged Phase one Postal Reform which came into consequence on January 1, 1990. The reforms included a division between jurisdictional and regulative maps and entrepreneurial maps. The reform besides resulted in associated concern sectors doing up telecommunications, postal services and postal banking. The purpose of these reforms was to let for more competition, trusting this would take to more invention and development in the telecommunication sector. The reforms represented to many in Europe a enormous liberalisation of the German telecommunications market. Under the new construction, the Telekom subdivision of Deutsche Bundespost ( DBT ) was granted a web monopoly. All other sectors of the telecommunications market, including nomadic and satelite communications, which both lawfully belong to the monopoly were liberalized. Gradually, licenses were sold to private endeavors in these little and restricting countries of the monopoly. Within the model of its economic capablenesss, Telekom is lawfully edge to supply both the substructure and the substructure services. As the new Telecommunication construction was being omplemented the fusion of Germany began, detaining the aims of the postal reform. Many Curates used the successfull enlargement of Telekom as a agency of acknowledgment, while proroguing a rapid seperation of the political and entrepreneurial maps. At the beginning of 1990 Telekom had merely merely started altering from a public disposal to an project based on entrepreneurial based organisation. Telekoms actions during and instantly following fusion were still mostly focused on the aims and processs of the old Germany. Therefore, there has been no existent argument between Telekom and the Federal Minister of Posts and Telecommunications ( BMPT ) on what gudelines Telekom should follow when puting in the new federal provinces of the East. Telekomfrom must decide whether it should follow its original political point of view or its new entrepreneurial attack, or whether the two even differ. Such a opinion is non merely desirable, but necessary to find where the duties of Telekom prevarication. In rule, the regulative political and organisational construction set upvalid in the Western German telecommunications sector was besides adhering in the new federal provinces of the East on October3, 1990. This was decided even though the conditions were really different in the former GDR due to the hapless province of development of telecommunications.The rapid installing of a basic substructure was the precedence in the East, while the accent in the West was advancing web and service inventions. Nevertheless the BMPT did small after fusion to alter the regulative political model in this sectorregarding the fortunes bing in Eastern Germany. The monopoly on terminal equipment which had been abandoned in the center of 1990 in Western Germany was maintained in Eastern Germany until the terminal of 1991. The prohibition on private bureaus offering satelite communicating services was eased in mid-1990. At first, certain conditions were attached to publishing these particular licenses, but they were lifted in March 1991. These exclusions to the voice telephone service monopoly are limited until 1997, and have non had any major influence on speed uping the enlargement of the telecommunication service offered. Merely a few private satellite service houses have offered appropriate services as a consequence. In connexion with the rapid betterments in the possibilities for East-West communicating, considerations of cost and quality control have created the major obstruction to a larger scope of services offered by private investors. In June 1991 the BMPT besides extended the license of Mannesmann Mobilfunk, the 2nd cellular Mobile wireless operator chosen for Western Germany in December 1989, to cover the whole of Germany. At the same clip it ordered that Mannesmann was to supply entree to the D2 web for 90 % of the population and 75 % of the country in the new provinces in the East by the terminal of 1994. The two Mobile telephone webs in the 900 MHz set, D2 and D1, which were in the procedure of being developed merely after the political turning point, were in good suited to supplying a considerable enlargement in the services offered in Eastern Germany. With regard to the jobs encountered by the federal authorities in financing German fusion, a particular part to the federal exchequer of about DM 3 billion was imposed on Telekom. The BMPT was able to salvage Telekom and its clients from a greater fiscal load that had originally been planned. In world, nevertheless, this particular part imposes an extra fiscal load on Telekom and makes the telecommunication services it offers in Germany more expensive. After the autumn of the Berlin Wall and of the Communist government at the bend of 1989-90, it was non to unclutter if the developments would stop in a rapid fusion of the two Germanies. Merely months before the summer of 1990, when Germany was to be officially united, a many determinations were taken in East and West Germany that greatly affected the German telecommunication sector. Immediately following the political turning point, every bit early as the beginning of 1990, joint commissions were set up between the BMPT and the GDR ministry responsible, and between DBT Telekom in the West and Deutsche Post Telekom in the East. The chief intent of the commissions was to guarantee the rapid development of the telecommunications substructure in the GDR and steer a compatible amalgamation of the two organisations # 8217 ; regulative organic structures. By March of 1990 ( long before German fusion had been decided ) the two concern endeavors had completed the Telekom 2000 plan to develop substructure in the GDR, leting Deutsche Post Telekom to get down on the enlargement of substructure in the GDR with the fiscal support from DBT Telekom. During the period of the political turning point the forces back uping German fusion gained the upper manus at an early phase within the station and telecommunication sector of the GDR. They stematically reorganized constructions inside the GDR telecommunication sector with this in head. They anticipated Western German restructuring by seperating the GDR Post Ministry from Deutsche Post and by dividing up the concern underytaking into three divisions. These same forces besides prevented different regulative political constructions from developing during these feverish months. It is a fact that foreign web operators are known to hold made offers to the GDR Minister of Posts during this clip, and for a short period the curate really did see licensing a farther ( 3rd ) digital cellular Mobile wireless web operator in the GDR. However, it was decided that guaranting optimal conditions for the smooth brotherhood of telecommunications subdivisions in East and West was their precedence. Their scheme was to accomplish this by making regulative political by making regulative political and organisational constructions which were every bit unvarying as possible. For this ground the sectoral constructions of the Western German telecommunication sector were adopted in the new provinces of the East with practically no alteration. In this regard, developments in the telecommunication sector following the political turning point do non differ from developments in other subdivisions of society, such as the scientific disciplines, the wellness service and others. It is debated whether the constructions introduced by the postal reform were truly suited to the rapid developments in telecommunications in Eastern Germany, or whether it might non hold been better to take a regulative political construction that better matched the state of affairs they faced. With a few exclusions, no such treatments were of all time undertaken. Because of the unexpected velocity with which of German fusion took topographic point, and the tremendous populace force per unit area for immediate noticeable betterments in the industry, it was common to spend hours of unsuccessful efforts to dial Numberss in East-West communicating. Frequencies would hold been available in the 1800 MHz set. However, this thought was non pursued any farther. Presumably the deficiency of any standardisation of DCS 1800 at this clip and regard for the fiscal stableness of DBT Telekom, which had merely launched a DM 60 billion enlargement plan for the new federal provinces in the East, played a major function in this regard. The new federal provinces continued to play a function with the ulterior licensing of a private E1 web operator on the footing of DCS1800 in the spring of 1993, in so far as E-Plus has undertaken to get down developing its web in the East. Besides in the fall and winter of 1990, the Monopolkommission ( Monopolies Commission ) entered the argument, publishing a statement backed by a study recommending a competitory market, or at least beef uping the competitory elements, in the procedure of developing substructure in the East. None of these thoughts were followed up, all chiefly because of the belief that no existent dramatic alteration in developments could be expected from such a major alteration in regulative policy. Development of private investing in the new federal provinces of Eastern Germany could best be described as hesitant. Companies were mostly disbelieving of the industry structure.Because of Telekoms amalgamation with Deutsche Post and its ownership of bing edifices and set down it was merely minimally affected by the jobs of ownership to private companies and administrative processs. The primary aim of all development was to better the telecommunications substructure every bit shortly as possible. Telecommunications was seen as playing a prima function in the procedure of economic recovery and its significance for the turning together of East and West. There was non plenty clip for extra basic experimentation, either on the political or on the technological degree. Another of import political aim behind the procedure of fusion, was the purpose of making a unvarying criterion of life in the East and West. The importance of this nonsubjective and of its deductions within the political procedure has an tremendous influence on overall economic developments in Eastern Germany and the telecommunication sector. In position of the immense extra demand for telephone connexions and telecommunication services, there were economic statements in favour of a crisp addition in duties above those in the West. However, such a policy could neer hold been implemented at the political degree. Telephone duties in the East were brought in line with those in the West as shortly as was technically possible, irrespective of the different conditions in Eastern and Western Germany. Uniform charges were considered politically to be more of import than an economically efficient distribution of the short supply of telephone connexions. Like in many other economic sectors, ends of economic efficiency have lost out to of merely distribution when repairing telephone tarriffs in the new provinces in the East. As a public service, the West German telecommunications system is run by the federal counties. The legal footing of this province monopoly is found in Article 87 of West German basic jurisprudence, which states that the West German PTT has to be conducted by a direct federal disposal with its lower degree of administrative offices. The right of statute law on postal and telecommunication affairs falls entirely on the federal county, harmonizing to Article 73 of the basic jurisprudence. The federal curate for postal and telecommunication services is the caput of the West German PTT. Harmonizing to Article 65 of West German basic jurisprudence the federal curate for postal and telecommunication services, shall carry on the personal businesss of the West German PTT autonomously and on his ain duty. Telecommunication policy formation every bit good as the direction of disposal is the responsability of the federal curate for postal and telecommunication services, . However, his power is is restricted and controlled by the Postal Administration Council ( Para 1, Art 1 of the postal disposal jurisprudence ) . The members include the West German Bundestag, the West German Bundesrat and representatives of the different countries of the economic system every bit good as seven members of the West German PTT trade brotherhood, the Deutsche Postgewerkschaft ( DPG ) , and experts from the Fieldss of broadcast medium and finance ( Para 5, Art 2 ) . All 24 members of the Postal Administration Council are appointed by their national councils or by the curate for postal and telecommunication services ( expert from the field of broadcast medium ) and the curate for finance ( expert from the field of finance ) . Harmonizing to Para 12 of the postal disposal jurisprudence, the council decides on the budget of the West German PTT. Further executive rights extend to conditions on the usage of postal and telecomunication systems, including pricing ( ara 12, Art 4 ) , determinations on the field of activities ( Para 12, Art 5 ) , every bit good as alterations in the proficient telecommunication substructure ( Para 12, Art 6 ) . As an of import control organic structure, the Postal Administration Council has to O.K. all ordinances proposed by the federal curate for postal and telecommunication services.However, the curate for postal and telecommunication services has the power to invalidate determinations of the postal disposal council ( Para 13, Art 1,2 ) . Despite this sort of veto right, the federal authorities every bit good as the Bundestag have no direct control over the West German policies of telecommunication. Yet the West German PTT is obliged to esteem the rules of the political relations of West Germany, harmonizing to Para 2, Art 1 of the postal disposal jurisprudence. However, the rules defined by the federal authorities are so obscure that they can non decently act as a austere footing for prosecuting in telecommunication policies. The influence of the Bundestag is even weaker since the budget of the West German PTT forms a particular fund ( Para 3, Art 1 of the postal disposal jurisprudence ) , over which the West German PTT exercises its ain budgetary rights. The influence of parliament is merely by the engagement of members of parliament in the postal disposal council every bit good as in political places in the federal postal and telecommunication disposal. The consequence is that West German telecommunication policy is designed and implemented around the postal disposal council and the postal disposal. In malice of occasional accusals of self-interest aimed at the postal disposal council, it # 8217 ; s believable that the station disposal has adjusted itself to the possible via medias in the council. This can be backed up by the strong clangs in the council, and by that overturning the postal disposal council excessively frequently would probably take to harmful runs against the council. The development of the telecommunication substructure within this political and institutional model became more and more criticized in the seventiess. Finally it caused the demand for reform within the institutional and political model. The beginnings of the unfavorable judgment came from the rapid technological developments of the sixtiess and 1970s. Dramatic developments in the kingdom of microelectronics and transmittal engineering every bit good as the go oning digitalisation made unifying telecommunication and data-processing possible. This resulted in new quantitative and qualitative demands on the telecommunication substructure. Harmonizing to critics, the West German PTT, by non leting competition, had non been in a place to finish these demands. This unfavorable judgment, chiefly forwarded by the Liberal Democratic Party, was largely concerned with the international fight of West Germany. Further demands for the gap of markets were created by those states which have already deregulated their telecommunication systems, for illustration the UK, USA, and Japan. Germany has eight chief political walls: Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) , Christian Social Union ( CSU ) , Free Democrat Party ( FDP ) , Social Democrat Party ( SDP ) , The Greens, The Party of Democratic Socialism ( PDS ) , The Republicans, and the Deutsche Volksunion. Christian Democratic Union The CDU, uniting Catholics abd Protestants, has been the most of import individual party in the development of post-war Germany. Its foreign policy was forged by Konrad Adenauer and is based on the Atlantic confederation. Although it besides accepted the gap to the E initiated in the late sixtiess and early 1970s by Willy Brandt and it is presently concerned with stableness in post-communist Eastern Europe. Its leader, Helmut Kohl, has been Chancellor of the Exchequer since 1982 and still exercises a powerful personal control over the party. The CDU # 8217 ; s domestic policy is based on the construct of the societal market as developed by Ludwig Erhard in the 1950s. Christian Social Union The CSU is a sister party of the CDU. It is Catholic and operates merely in Bavaria where it is non challenged by the CDU. Under the leading of the late Franz Josef Strauss, it was more openly self-asserting in the pursuit of German involvements than the CDU. Its present leader is the finance curate, Theo Waigel. Howevere, Edmund Stoiber, the premier curate of Bavaria, as a more aggressive politician in the tradition of Franz Josef Strauss, is every bit of import. Free Democrat Party The free Democrats are fundamentally a broad party in the European instead than the American sense ; they believe in restricting authorities intervention in all walks of life, including both inquiries like divorce and abortion, and the economic system. On the latter they are by and large to the right of the CDU. However, the FDP # 8217 ; s most dominant personality in the 2nd half of the 1970s, and until his surrender in 1992, was Hans-Dietrich Genscher, who made his name as foreign curate. The present leader, Klaus Kinkel, is besides foreign curate. Social Democrat Party Once Marxist ( though ever democratic ) , the Social Democrats established a programme of matter-of-fact reform known as the Bad Godesberg plan at the terminal of the fiftiess. This paved the manner for Helmut Schmidt, two of Germany # 8217 ; s most influential post-war politicians. The difference between their economic doctrine and the Christian Democrats # 8217 ; societal market is non cardinal. At nowadays, nevertheless, the SPD believes the CDU has failed to confront up to the demand to wage for fusion, and advocates higher revenue enhancements, particularly on the better off. The SPD # 8217 ; s foreign policy has ever emphasized gaps to the E, but non at the disbursal of the Atlantic confederation or the EU. There is a strong pacificist component which presently opposes any German military activity outside Germany, including engagement in UN peacekeeping operations ; nevertheless, it should be said that there are pacificists in all major parties. The Greenss The Greens had a major influence on German policies of all major parties during the 1980s, holding surmounted the 5 % threshold needed to be represented in parliament in the 1983 elections. However, in December 1990 they merely failed to meet this threshold in western Germany, partially because of an internal division between realists and purists. They are represented in the Bundestag because in eastern Germany, where a seperate threshold was provided, they won more than 5 % in confederation with Bundnis 90, a group of protest parties from the former East Germany. They besides participate in regulating alliances in some province parliaments. The Party of Democratic Socialism This is the former SED or governing party of East Germany. Under a moderate leader, Gregor Gysi, who was neer closely associated with the Honecker government, it has attracted the support of some of those who have lost their occupations or places as a consequence of fusion. The Republicans and Deutsche Volksunion The Republicans and Deutsche Volksunion represent patriot forces on the far right of German political relations. They have played on the in-migration issue.

Theodore Roosevelt and Interna essays

Theodore Roosevelt and Interna essays First actions like the Treaty of Wanghia with China and the Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan marked the turnaround of the nations policy to stay away from other countries affairs. George Washingtons famous words avoidance of entangling alliances were forgotten. More than one hundred years after Washingtons presidency, a Civil War, and issues and wars with Britain and other European powers, the United States finally had fixed major issues within the country e.g. the controversies between the North and the South, and were eventually strong enough as a nation to intervene in foreign affairs. Theodore Roosevelt who took over presidency in 1901 achieved major accomplishments for the U.S. by developing a strong foreign policy that differed from the policies of other world powers, and using the potential that the country had, to make it stronger than it ever was. Although criticizers accused Roosevelt of imperialism, the only purpose of the Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Roosevelt Corollary, and Pa nama Canal was to turn the United States not into a colonialist but into the dominant power in its hemisphere. Before Roosevelt was able to show his capabilities in foreign affairs, he made himself known as the trustbuster, supported the environmental protection, and drew up the so-called square deal which helped him to get reelected in 1904 and made him generally very popular. However his foreign policy was of a more aggressive nature. The first opportunity in which he could prove himself as a capable leader of a becoming world power was in the Alaskan Boundary Dispute. The British who wanted a proper boundary between lower Alaska and Canada initiated the discussion. When in 1898 gold was found in both Canada and Alaska, the Canadian governments interest roused immediately. In order to get the land where the gold fields were the Canadians checked the Anglo-Saxon-Treaty o...

Presentation Speech or Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Speech or Presentation Example Clinical depression is almost always treatable. Drugs are prescribed which can provide relief to a patient within a span of few weeks or may take up to a couple of months to show results. In cases of less chronic depression psychotherapy, either individual or group, has been found to be an effective treatment for mood disorders. The three major types of depression are Major depression, Dysthymia and Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depressive illness. In such a condition a person has cyclic mood changes. The mood swings from severe high to severe low. The three different forms of clinical depression are Physical, Behavioral and Emotional. In the Physical form of clinical depression a person tends to have sleep- related disorders, changes in eating pattern, low levels of energy and fatigue. In behavioral depression people tend to derive less joy from hitherto pleasurable activities. In such cases the sufferer finds it difficult to take decisions, remember thin gs and lacks concentration. They neglect taking care of their appearance and do not take-up responsibilities. Emotional depression is characterized by suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness and guilt. They cry for no apparent reason and feel persistently sad for two weeks or more. In assessing and treating such a condition, Hood and Johnson (1991) state that â€Å"assessment is an integral part of counseling...[and] provides information that can be used in each step of the problem-solving model† (p. 11). Sommers-Flanagan, J and Sommers-Flanagan (2009) in their outstanding book on Counseling state that before and during the assessment process ethical considerations should be adhered to. Assessment - In trying to make an assessment of the level of depression the individual has, I made use of the Goldberg Depression Questionnaire. Instructions - Though the Goldberg scale cannot take the place of professional help in detecting or diagnosing depression, yet it could act as a good guide in tracking an individual’s moods on a regular basis. However, in case the person knows for sure that they are depressed, it is better to reach out for help from a mental health professional. Assessment Scenario - The patient makes a visit and complains of being severely disturbed, anxious and irritable and requests for professional help. I make her lie down and relax and try to elicit some answers making use of the Goldberg Depression Questionnaire to make a proper assessment. There are 18 questions based on how the patient felt in the past week and the patient is asked to tick the relevant box that is nearest to what they felt. The answers received using the Goldberg Questionnaire, from the patient were as follows – 1. I do things slowly – moderately 2. My future seems hopeless – Somewhat 3. It’s hard for me to concentrate on reading – Just a little 4. The pleasure and joy has gone out of my life – Quite a lot 5. I have d ifficulty making decisions – Quite a lot 6. I have lost interest in aspects of life that used to be important to me – Quite a lot 7. I feel sad, blue, and unhappy – Quite a lot 8. I am agitated and keep moving around – Very much 9. I feel fatigued – Quite a lot 10. It takes great effort for me to do simple things – Moderately 11. I feel like I’m a guilty person who needs to be punished – Somewhat 12. I feel like a failure –

Observation of Teaching English. Language Learning and Teaching Essay

Observation of Teaching English. Language Learning and Teaching Autobiography - Essay Example We have been categorized as a bilingual country, were residents speak both Arabic and English. However, majority of the people predominantly use Arabic in daily conversations, and see the need to speak in English only when communicating with non-Arabic citizens. I have dreamed of studying abroad, particularly in the United States, to pursue higher education. Early in life, therefore, I was already immensely interested in English, not only as a second language, but as a future career. I therefore pursued a Bachelor of Arts Degree in English from Jeddah Teachers' College in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. I remembered vividly the courses taken during my bachelor degree that included: Applied Linguistics, Second Language Acquisition, General Teaching Methods, Trends in Language Teaching, Psychological Linguistics, Education Technology, Educational Psychology, Educational Evaluation, and School Management. I graduated in 2006 and became an enthusiastic English teacher for 3 years; all have been in middle school. I am currently on my Master’s Degree level in the USA; where I have taken the following courses so far in my first year in the program: Introduction to TESOL, TESL/TEFL Methodology, American English Grammar, Materials and Media, Cross-Cultural Communication, and Introduction to Research in TESOL. My goals in completing the program are as follows: To become an effective language learner and educator and thereby, enable me to share best teaching practices in teach ing English as a second language; To be a valuable contributor through communicating my knowledge, abilities, and skills gained through the course: either through verbal means or through writing; To discern particular factors in the learning environment that would facilitate exchange of knowledge between teachers and students and therefore enhance instructional approaches in TESOL; To leave a lasting contribution in the field of TESOL by sharing relevant experiences through the journey in language learning and teaching. I recognized, that as early as 2006, students in Saudi Arabia have increasingly acknowledged that speaking in English is trendy. Checking on this trend in the current papers, I found out from Al Arabiya News (2011) that â€Å"a new growing trend among Saudi youth is to speak English to one another, in aim to look trendy, modern and professional† (par. 1). I do not want my students to learn English only to be trendy. I want my students to realize that English, as a second language, is immensely beneficial due to learning the beauty of the language, per se; as well as the different literary elements and styles that make one an effective communicator, negotiator, educator, and also a continuous

Psychology and education in the twentieth century Essay Example for Free

Psychology and education in the twentieth century Essay The twentieth century was innovative in a multiplicity of fields, including psychology and education. The attempt to develop the understanding on how humans learn was a challenge upheld by a â€Å"huge and diverse cast of characters† (Harrà ©, 2005: p7), with some so prolific that they didn’t only affect the classroom but â€Å"have left an enduring mark on our understanding of ourselves† (Harrà ©, 2005: p7). For this essay, I will describe and reflect on the theories of Burrhus Fredrick Skinner and Jerome Bruner, particularly focusing on Operant Conditioning and Cognitive Learning and apply them to an educational setting. Jerome Bruner (1915-2016) is renowned as one of the most significant and influential cognitive and constructivist theorists of the twentieth century and specifically developed â€Å"the study of the mental processes of thinking† (Harrà ©, 2005: p49). His initial focus was the development of human cognition but psychology at Harvard, according to Bruner had become â€Å"centrifugal† (Bruner,1983: p252). In turn, this led Bruner to begin his exploration into child cognitive development, heightening the importance of categorization in learning as well as â€Å"challenge the old psychology in the latter years of the 20th century† (Harrà ©, 2005: p.60) Bruner was highly influential in educational thinking, especially after the release of his book â€Å"The Process of Education (1960)† that is now recognized as a classic. Himself and other cognitivist theorists such as Piaget were both interested in child development, and Bruner agreed with Piaget that biological organisation underlies cognitive development but queried whether age ranges were correct in his developmental stage theory and believed that â€Å"it paid insufficient attention to the role of social interaction† (Olson, 2005: p.25). Similarly to Bruner, I do not believe that a child’s age always indicates their level of understanding. Limited description is offered of a child’s learning necessities, capability level, or motivational influences; all of which will have an impact on their understanding. I believe that this is a notion that still hasn’t been explored deeply enough and has a negative impact on our education today, as some students are still failing as the curriculum is generalised â€Å"the exam boards adopt common ways of working† (Ofqal,2017). The Eminent Harvard Psychologist has contributed greatly towards psychology overall, but his works have been most recognized in education; he felt that it was substantial for a learner to attain the fundamental values of a subject – his theory generally expressed that learners develop new ideas and concepts based upon existing knowledge; correspondingly to Piaget, he used three phases to develop his theory on modes of representation (how a learner may think of an object). Each mode is foremost at different stages of development, but all are present throughout the process. The first stage (1-18 months), was termed â€Å"inactive†. Thinking is utterly based on the child’s physical actions rather than their internal thinking. This mode is continuously seen in the later years, an example of that would be when a child is learning how to get dressed for school or ride a bike. The second mode begins to develop when a child reaches 18 months and was named â€Å"iconic†, and is mainly obtained via pictures or icons. These are mainly based on the five senses (hear, touch, smell, visualise). In an educational setting, diagrams and/or illustrations are often useful when introducing a new topic. The third stage, mainly reached at the age of 6 is â€Å"symbolic† and is primarily based on the use of symbols. Language also serves the purpose of regulation in this stage; as children develop, they shift from being external to being internal in cognitive processes. Using language as a symbol is essential to develop the capacity to think in abstract terms. Based on this three-stage notion, Bruner recommended using a combination of concrete, pictorial and then symbolic activities which will lead into more effective learning. This remains true even for adult learners. The theory is conceptually useful in teaching, as it allows staff to engage with all learners regardless of their cognitive level. With a range of supplies (study materials, activities, and tools), a new topic can be taught easily as it can begin as a concrete representation, and eventually end as an abstract one. This also provides learners something they can return to if they come across any problems with the matter. A primary example would be to engross the learners to do physically create 3D shapes. The following exercise would be an illustration of a shape, and the names of the shapes would aurally be read out and explained by the tutor. Thirdly, the learners should discuss the concept of the lesson and discuss any findings. Not only is this a far more gradual and realistic way of learning, I believe it also encourages motivation; something Bruner felt strongly about â€Å"The act of grasping the meaning, significance or structure of a problem or a situation without explicit re liance on the analytic apparatus of one\s craft† (Bruner, 1966: p.) For Bruner, the purpose of education is not to impart knowledge, but instead to facilitate a child’s thinking and problem solving skills which can then be transferred to a range of situations. Bruner’s notions and concepts have been rejected and critiqued by other theorists. For example, Piaget trusts that patience is necessary to reach the stage where a child is ready, whereas Jerome Bruner believes that the speed of cognitive development process can be increased if necessary. Unlike Piaget who was â€Å"resistant to criticism, sticking to a fixed position in the face of theoretical objections and empirical refutations† (Harrà ©, 2005: p57), Bruner was â€Å"unafraid of words like mind, and expectation, and perception, and meaning† (Miller, 2003: p.142). Bruner places a broader focus on his theory and attempts to be more open-minded and take a variety of studies into account

Video Games Essay -- Technology Electronics Entertainment Essays

Video Games I. The Video or Computer Game Industry The now multi-billion dollar video game industry starting slowly. In 1972, Atari developed Pong, a simple tennis-like game played on the television screen. Pongwas followed by Space Invadersin 1978 (Griffiths 223). Since then, thousands of games are available over the Internet, on CDROM for personal computers, hand-held units, and television console units like Playstation, Nintento, and Sega. Further, the market has developed beyond just entertainment, now providing educational games that make learning fun. Commercially successful titles sell around 350,000 copies and a few go beyond sales of one million units (Sanchez-Crespo Dalmau 3). Top selling games like Myst (for PCs) and Final Fantasy (for consoles) have sold over six million units (Sanchez-Crespo Dalmau 3). II. Video Games and an Overview of How They Work Put simply, video games are interactive entertainment with sophisticated graphics and speed. They challenge the player’s mental agility, as in games like Myst and it’s sequel Riven (where players solve puzzles and obtain fragments of a story to complete the game) and/or hand-eye agility, like All-Star Baseball, Combat Flight Simulator, and Mortal Combat, typically at increasing levels of difficulty, with some games taking over 100 hours to complete. Although not all games involve opponents and competition, games that are played off-line (not connected to the Internet) allow players to interact with the â€Å"virtual† inhabitants of the game. Games that can be played on-line, facilitate multi-player interactivity and competition over the Internet. Once a video game is loaded, either from CDROM or downloaded from the Internet, the player can ente... ... Griffiths, Mark. â€Å"Computer Game Playing in Early Adolescence.† Youth and Society. (1997): 223-235. Funk, Jeanne B., et al. â€Å"Rating Electronic Games: Violence Is in the Eye of the Beholder.† Youth and Society. 30.2 (1999): 283-213. Peckham, Virginia. â€Å"Well-Connected.† Curriculum Administrator. 36.11 (2000): 26-32. 7 pp. 15 Nov. 2001 Perry, Tekla S. and Paul Wallich. â€Å"Video Games.† McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology 8th ed. 1997. Pooley, Eric. â€Å"Portrait of a Deadly Bond.† Time. 10 May 1999: 26-32. Quittner, Joshua. â€Å"Are Video Games Really So Bad?.† Time. 10 May 1999: 50-58. Seid, Nancy. â€Å"Why War Games Aren’t Child’s Play.† Parents. Nov 2000: 167-174. Tedeschi, Bob. â€Å"Information Overload.† Parents. Nov 2000: 167-174.

Accounting for Small Business Essay

ABSTRACT SMEs play a very important role in India’s economy and have a great potential for strengthening the real sector in India. But there has not been appropriate infrastructure yet which is accounting system to show the business feasibility. Traditional business in Indian Villages had been started by a family and ancestors, but has gotten bigger now. This business has many strengths and weaknesses. Based on the condition and background, the proposed-accounting system has been developed. It has been also successfully tested for a month transaction and revised. Adding knowledge management into accounting system is an alternative way to develop the proposed-accounting system. The four modes of knowledge creation will facilitate the business and its owner to add some modules in accounting system and to reengineer the business process. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay INTRODUCTION: Small business plays a very important role in India’s economy, particularly in aspects increased employment, income generating, economic development. In addition, this sector is considered as a driving force for the rural economy. But until now there are still many problems to hinder the small business growth. Facts in the Asia Pacific region revealed that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) employ about 60 percent of the workforce. Only 10 percent of the total companies in Asia Pacific which is a big business, the rest are SMEs. For India, according to Small & Medium Business Corner (SMBC) data in 2012 the numbers of micro, small and medium enterprises develop into 130 Lakhs (http://www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/OverviewofMSME.html) by giving employment to 410 Lakhs people and able to contribute to the total national GDP amounted to 8-9 percent in 2012. Basic problem of management in small business is inability of owners to determine their management style that appropriate with the business need and development stage. In early stage of business, family management style leads to one-man show. According to improvement of business environment, that conventional style could not be pushed longer. Especially in financial management, the business owners could not be able to separate the financial management of business and family yet. Besides, they have not well planned, managed and reported periodically yet. It is caused by there is no appropriate infrastructure which is accounting system. The impact is that the owners of small business have difficulties to cooperate with external such as bank or another financial institution. The owners have difficulties to show their feasibility business when they want to propose credit or make a business contract with another business. Based on the importance of an accounting system, this research results a proposed-accounting system which can be applied by owners of small business in India. The proposed-accounting system is a generic model of purchasing and selling system that should be enhanced according to business need and by refer to the knowledge management approach. LITERATURE REVIEW: ACCOUNTING SYSTEM: According to Gillespie, accounting system is an organization of document, form and report which is managed to provide information for management. Based on that definition, elements of accounting system are documents, forms and reports, but still concern with procedure and internal control. Therefore, proposed-elements in this study will refer to it. SMALL BUSINESS: Under the law of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (2008), definition of SMEs in India is explained by the table below. Based on the definition, the research object is categorized as a small business. DEFINITION OF SMES IN INDIA Enterprises engaged in providing or rendering of services (i) A micro enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment does not exceed Rs. 10 lakh; (ii) A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs.10 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 2 crore; and (iii) A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs. 2 crore but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore. Enterprises engaged in the manufacture or production, processing or preservation of goods (i) A micro enterprise is an enterprise where investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 25 lakh; (ii) A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs. 25 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore; and (iii) A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs.5 crore but does not exceed Rs.10 crore. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: System development in this study will follow the three main steps a.System analysis: Activities in this stage are initial study, feasibility study, requirement definition, and specification system arrangement. b.System design:   After finishing system analysis, the next activities are system design, system building and system testing. c.System implementation:   Based on system testing, a revised system will be established. Finally, system is implemented and operated. At this stage, company will conduct maintenance activity. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Since this study wants to develop a proposed-accounting system, â€Å"Research and development† approach which is applied in this study is a research program that is followed by a development program. It is a combination of descriptive study that describes the actual phenomenon in an object and exploratory research that develops a proposed -accounting system. A proposed-accounting system is focused on purchasing and selling system since those are the main activities in the business. The location of this study, Traditional small business in Indian Villages, was chosen on purpose, because this business in the Villages has significantly improved in sales and human empowering, also government is paying attention by giving assistantship for both management and technology. Primary data of this study was the results of guided interviews and observation. The steps of this study are designed as follow: a.Initial study Preliminary research was conducted to comprehend previous studies and literature, guided questionnaire drafting, and Traditional business understanding. b.System requirement defining At this stage, the data was obtained by interview with business owners and observation directly to the business. By understanding the research object condition and background, also the strength and weakness, the accounting system requirement could be defined. c.Development of proposed-accounting system At this stage, development of proposed-accounting system was managed by interviews, observation, and group discussion among owners, researcher and government, related to main accounting system elements, which are document, form and report. In its development, knowledge management approach was proposed to use since it can facilitate business daily operation into business standard operation. The result of this stage was a proposed-accounting system. d.Testing and implementation Testing was accomplished by implementing the proposed system to handle a month transactions. Owners and their staff used it to run transactions of purchasing and selling for a month. By running the system, problems were found and then they were used to revise the system. At this stage, a revised-accounting system was established. e.Conclusions and recommendations In the final stage of this study, conclusions and suggestions from all research processes were stated. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: PROFILE OF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS IN INDIAN VILLAGES: India is one of the major exporter and supplier of handicrafts and gift products to the world market. The Indian handicrafts industry is highly labor intensive and decentralized, being spread all across the country in rural and urban areas. The sector is considered as the second largest employment-generating sector after agriculture with numerous artisans engaged in craft work on a part-time basis. The industry offers employment to over 6 million artisans, including a large number of women and people from the weaker sections of society. The present day handicraft tradition of India is a perfect example of assimilation between the traditional designs and modern techniques. The fast growing demand for Indian handicraft and gifts products have made this sector a full-fledged large scale organized industry that is growing day by day. History The rich history of India’s craft tradition has evolved over the centuries offering a legacy of Indian culture promising everything – beauty, dignity, form and style. The variety is comprehensive and ranges from age-old stone carvings to modern handicrafts making use of glass flints and mirrors. The most popular crafts, include metalware, earthenware, pottery, sculpting, woodwork, hand-printed textiles and scarves, embroidered and crocheted goods, shawls, zari products, stone carving and imitation jewelry. There is a myriad of art and craft traditions in India that depend on social, economic and regional factors. The present status of the sector in India owes much to the rich crafts history and tradition of the past. Majority of the crafts from the past continues to flourish due to their utilitarian characteristics, availability to the common people and popularity in domestic and global markets. Today, some of the sectors within the craft industry have even become full fledged industries in their own, like – carpet weaving, traditional textile (Banarsi silk sari, Chikankari etc), gem cutting and polishing, jewelry making, the world famous diamond cutting and polishing industry, brassware, jute products, etc. The growth of these industries is due to their ever-increasing demand and the popularity of Indian crafts in the domestic market and overseas. Gems and jewelry, carpet making, metalware, leather products, jute products etc. are some industries, which are growing rapidly.